• 专利附录
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    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:SE0901334A1
    申请号:SE0901334
    申请日:2009-10-16
    公开日:2011-04-17
    发明作者:Didrik Aurenius
    申请人:Didrik Aurenius；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    and / or or hot water. The method has the disadvantage that it requires a lot of electrical energy, which due to the price of electrical energy, makes the operating costs high. During periods of particularly high electricity prices, it can even be directly unprofitable for property owners to run the heat pumps, which is why they are switched off with the result that heat recovery is not possible.
    The most efficient way to recover thermal energy from exhaust air is to transfer it to the outdoor air that is to be supplied to the house. However, it requires that the house is equipped with a supply air system, which, as mentioned above, is rarely the case. In order for a recycling of this type to be possible, the houses must first be equipped with equipment and a duct system for supply air.
    The usual procedure in the construction of ventilation systems is to draw ducts indoors from the fl husband room to the spaces to be ventilated. Such a procedure leads to major inconveniences for the tenants in a supplementary installation in an existing residential building, as ducts must be drawn through apartment-separating floors and sometimes also walls, which entails extensive drilling work with associated soiling. Since each apartment in a residential building constitutes its own fire cell, the ducts must be fire-insulated, which, due to the nature of the insulation, means that they must be built in. It will be both expensive and space consuming. Among other things, the effective living space and thus rental income decreases.
    If the duct system according to the present invention is carried out instead, the above disadvantages are avoided. The design is based, since the exhaust air ducts in a residential building almost invariably have an upward flow direction, on a supply air system with distribution ducts in the attic to branch ducts on the façade from a unit that is conveniently placed on the attic or roof of the house, from where the supply air is drilled into the outer wall. in the rooms. In order to avoid draft problems and maintain existing positions for air supply, the blowing should take place behind or under the radiators.
    The invention is described below with reference to Figure 1 or 2, which schematically shows examples of ventilation systems according to the invention, and where Figure 1 refers to a house with attic, eg with gable roof, and Fig. 2 a house without attic, eg with flat roof. In 1 g 1 the house is equipped with a chimney, while in fi g 2 it has ducts of eg sheet metal.
    According to Fig. 1, a ventilation unit 1 provided with outdoor and exhaust air filters 2 and 3, heat recovery equipment 4 and kt fittings for supply and exhaust air 5 and 6, respectively, is mounted on the attic of the house. The exhaust air ducts go into the chimney 12 from each exhaust air diffuser 8. The house is equipped with a natural draft system with masonry ducts.
    New ducts 11 will be drilled into the chimneys at different heights, from where they will be contracted to one or more collecting ducts 9, which will open into a suction box 10 in direct connection with the unit. The chimneys are provided with airtight hoods 13 to avoid accidental intake of outdoor air. The outdoor air for the ventilation unit is taken via a roof hood 14 or outer wall grille via an outdoor air duct 15. The unit is provided with a pressure box or main duct 16, from which on the attic, eg along the facades of the house, distribution ducts 17 for supply air are mounted. Branch ducts 18 are connected to the distribution ducts, which are separate for each room in the house to be supplied with supply air.
    The branch ducts are mounted directly on the facade.
    The branch ducts open into a supply air device 19 which is mounted behind or under the radiator 20 in the room to be supplied with supply air. The supply air device is designed in such a way that it inflates the air behind the radiator, whereby the supply air is further heated to counteract cooling from the window. In this way the original way of supplying air to the house is maintained, which is an advantage, since it retains the tank with the original construction of the house. Thanks to the thermal rising force from the radiator, the supply air is mixed efficiently with the room air. The procedure of blowing in air at floor level under radiators is common in office contexts, and the supply air devices are of the standard type.
    An alternative place to supply the air is to blow it in over the window. Since both additional insulation and heat recovery contribute to a lowering of the radiator temperature, the tennis over the radiator decreases. This leads to reduced rising force in the air, and air supply over the window can then lead to a risk of cold drafts.
    In houses with flat roofs, fi g 2, the ventilation unit 1 is mounted on top of the roof construction - a so-called roof unit. The need for roof hoods or outer wall grilles then does not exist, since outdoor and exhaust air devices are built into the unit.
    The sarnlings 9 and the distribution channels 17 are drawn in the space between the rafters and the roof. Branch ducts 18 and supply air devices 19 are designed in the same way as for houses with wind.
    Since the branch ducts to each room on the section between main ducts and supply air diffusers do not cross any fire cell boundary other than the outer wall and, in addition, each supplies only one fire cell, they do not need to be provided with any special fire insulation. The mounting on the outside of the façade means that they must be thermally insulated. Thanks to the additional insulation, the thermal insulation is added automatically and is carried out in such a way that the branch ducts are either mounted in their entirety under the additional insulation 21 or that grooves for the branch ducts are taken up in it, before it is mounted. As the supply air ducts have an outer diameter of a maximum of 80 mm, they fit well in the insulation, the thickness of which, in order for the insulation to be cost-effective, should not be less than 120 mm. The channels, because they are so small, affect only extremely marginally the effect of the additional insulation on the house. You can even make the insulation with the same thickness as the ducts, but the heat losses then increase.
    The ventilation unit is placed close to or on the highest part of the house. This means that the outdoor air that is sucked into the unit is significantly cleaner than the air that was previously supplied to the house from a lower level. Since the unit is equipped with an efficient outdoor air filter, whose filter class can be adapted to if, for example, pollen separation is necessary, the supply air to the house will be significantly cleaner than in houses that do not have a special supply air system. The load on the outdoor air filter is low due to the high position of the unit, as the dust concentration decreases with the distance to the ground. The effect of disturbing noise is also reduced thanks to the location of the air intake.
    There are fl your types of heat exchangers to recover heat energy from exhaust air and transfer the energy to outdoor air. In residential buildings, a very suitable heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger. A plate heat exchanger has a complete separation between the exhaust air and the outdoor air, so odor transmission, which can be very disturbing, especially during cooking, from the exhaust to the outdoor air can not occur. A plate heat exchanger can achieve a temperature efficiency of about 0.6, which is why two series-connected exchangers have a temperature efficiency of about 0.9. This means that at least 90% of the heat energy in the exhaust air is recycled to the supply air, which in turn means that the corresponding energy does not need to be supplied to the heating system in the boiler or substation. The savings will in reality be greater, as heat energy emitted from people, lighting and appliances is also recycled.
    Due to the fact that, depending on the house's thermal conditions in general, the energy for heating ventilation air often constitutes 40% of the heat energy requirement, the recycling means a significant energy and related cost savings. The impact on the environment is also significantly reduced. The relationship can be illustrated with the following examples: Suppose that 1000 houses with 12 apartments each, the average size of which is 50 m2, are provided with a ventilation system according to the invention. Assume further that these houses are heated with oil. A not uncommon specific energy consumption for these houses - houses from the 1930s - 1970s - is 150 kWh / m2, year. Of these, the heating demand is about 100 kWh / m2, year. In this example, a saving of 40% means a total reduction in oil consumption for these houses by 60 GWh / year corresponding to 2400 m3 of oil and a reduction in CO2 emissions by approximately 6000 tonnes / year.
    The ventilation units do not need to be equipped with a battery for heating outdoor air. This is partly because the heat recovery is so efficient and partly because the radiator system is already dimensioned to heat significantly colder air ~ untreated outdoor air - and then it does not matter if the supply air temperature at any one time would be below 18 - 20 degrees Celsius, because the supply air via the radiator protection is so efficiently mixed with pipe air.
    By making collection and distribution ducts with large dimensions, the pressure drops in them can be kept low, which means that the air distribution between the branch ducts in the system becomes similar. If the pressure drops across the supply air devices are given a value of approx. 50 Pa, you do not need to install any adjustment dampers in the supply air system. It is sufficient to have a pressure drop value for each floor, if the supply air devices are given sufficient system authority in this way.
    Thanks to the additional insulation, the house will be significantly quieter than before. It also has a better thermal dynamic, which reduces the sensitivity of the indoor temperature to rapid changes in the outdoor temperature. The preheated supply air with seasonally independent air conditions also contributes to the overall comfort for the tenants being very good. Another positive impact is, as mentioned above, the cleaner outdoor air thanks to the location of the air intake high above ground.
    Especially with natural ventilation, the air fates vary with the seasons. The flows are greatest in winter, which is not always desirable; especially from an energy point of view. Even with married control, albeit to a lesser extent, the air fate varies in a similar way. By in systems according to the invention in a conventional manner pressure control the exhaust air spout and slave drive the supply air spout after it, a system is obtained which is practically insensitive to disturbances, and which is also load independent, which means, for example, that the setting of cooker hoods in different positions does not affect the fates. in other exhaust air diffusers.
    Inventions in related subject areas are reported in SE 8203936 (Supply fl under radiators), DE 3530884 (Ventilated outer wall) and RU 2232947 (Supply air device in connection with radiators).
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    1. PATENT REQUIREMENTS. Method for ventilation of buildings in connection with additional insulation is characterized in that ventilation air that is evacuated from the building, exhaust air, via one or two ventilation ducts 9 is collected in one or three with outdoor and exhaust air zones 2 and 3, respectively, at least one heat exchanger 4 between exhaust and outdoor air and fl owns for outdoor and exhaust air 5 and 6 provided ventilation unit 1, and where the supply air, which refers to filtered and preheated outdoor air, is blown into the building via branch ducts 18 directly or indirectly connected to said ventilation units on the building facade which are mounted under or in the branch ducts intended space in the additional insulation 21.. Method for ventilation of buildings in connection with additional insulation according to claim 1, characterized in that the supply air is supplied via penetrations in the outer walls of the house to the branch ducts 18 connected supply air devices 19 under or behind devices 20 for heating or cooling. . Method for ventilation of buildings in connection with additional insulation according to claim 1, characterized in that the supply air via supply air device 19 is supplied above the room window. . Method for ventilation of buildings in connection with additional insulation according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the rotational speed of the exhaust air is controlled by the air pressure at one or more specific places in the exhaust air system,
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    SE534172C2|2011-05-17|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE0901334A|SE534172C2|2009-10-16|2009-10-16|Method of ventilation for additional insulation of buildings|SE0901334A| SE534172C2|2009-10-16|2009-10-16|Method of ventilation for additional insulation of buildings|
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